In the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China, numerous ancient works of calligraphy have been unearthed. These works have been termed by some scholars“folk calligraphy.”“folk calligraphy” and “calligraphy of artistic distinction” form two major calligraphy systems. The main purpose of this study is to explore after the post-Qing Dynasty "stele study", The calligrapher gradually developed the calligraphy system of "folk calligraphy" by drawing on the newly unearthed calligraphy. Taking the most pioneering Shen Zengzhi as an example, the author explores the drastic changes in calligraphy styles in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. This thesis is divided into five parts. The first, Introduction. Explain the motivation for this study and introduce the controversy over the term "folk calligraphy". Second, an overview of the calligraphy circle in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. Third, “folk calligraphy” other than “stele study” and “Tie study”. Fourth, calligraphy theory and practice of Shen Zengzhi. Fifth, the conclusion. Summarize Shen Zengzhi's calligraphy theory and the changes in calligraphy writing.